Thursday, 12 September 2013

Touch ID: Inside the fingerprint scanner on Apple's iPhone 5s

9/12/2013 10:47:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Touch ID: Inside the fingerprint scanner on Apple's iPhone 5s

Apple unveiled the new iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c at a special event held at its headquarters in Cupertino. While the iPhone 5c did not live up to its promise of being a 'low-cost iPhone', the iPhone 5s showed off some promising innovations, like the new Apple A7 chip and, perhaps the highlight of the event, a built-in fingerprint scanner called Touch ID.Touch ID can be used to unlock the phone, by simply placing a finger on the Home button. It can also be used to confirm purchases made on the App Store, iBookstore or the iTunes Store.
You can scan and add multiple fingerprints (e.g. left and right thumbs, as well as index fingers), including those from multiple people (e.g. your wife or kids), and Touch ID will authenticate based on any of stored prints.
In case you are worried about privacy, Apple assures that fingerprints are encrypted and stored in a secure area inside the new A7 chip. Fingerprints are not accessible to any third-party apps, and nor are they sent to Apple's servers or backed onto iCloud.
So what's the technology behind Apple's latest innovation? The Touch ID capacitive sensor embedded in the Home button scans your finger at 500ppi resolution to get a high resolution image of your finger. The sensor embedded in the Home button is just 170 microns thin.
The new Home button is made out of sapphire crystal, one of the "clearest, hardest" materials out there. The Home button protects the fingerprint sensor and also acts as a lens to precisely beam your fingerprint to the scanner. The Home button is surrounded by a steel ring, that can detect touches and tell Touch ID to start scanning when a finger is placed.
The sensor uses advanced capacitive touch to take high-resolution image of the sub-epidermal layers of your skin. The resultant image is then analysed, and grouped into one of three fingerprint types: Arch, Loop or Whorl. It then analyses ridges and other details too small for the human eye to see, to come up with a match for one of the stored fingerprints.
Here's a video that gives a closer look at Touch ID.

iPhone 5c and iPhone 5s launch in pictures

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Google's Motorola now shipping 100,000 Moto X phones a week

9/12/2013 10:46:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Google's Motorola now shipping 100,000 Moto X phones a week

Motorola is shipping 100,000 of its new Moto X phones weekly from a manufacturing facility near Dallas, a modest start for a made-in-the-USA phone that marks the most significant effort to revive the iconic company after Google Inc bought it last year.Motorola is betting that color-customization, voice-activated software and its homegrown pedigree will help the company narrow the gap with market leaders Apple and Samsung Electronics, even though labor costs are running about three times higher than if the devices were built in China.
Motorola CEO Dennis Woodside said in an interview that the Texas facility, operated by contract manufacturer Flextronics , was capable of producing "tens of millions" of phones a year but expansion depended on demand.
The factory's current output of 100,000 units a week is only the first phase of a larger plan, he said. And the factory's output did not necessarily mean all the phones have sold to consumers.
"When you set up to ramp a factory you need a plan, and we have shipment targets we need to make with our carrier partners, and where we need to be right now is 100,000 units and that's where we are," Woodside said.
He would not say how many of the phones now being shipped were standard models sold by wireless carriers, and how many were custom-designed models that consumers ordered directly from Motorola's website. He said only that custom orders were "substantial" and Motorola was selling the phones at a profit.
The Moto X is coming to market as other handset makers revamp their lineups. On Tuesday, Apple unveiled new iPhones on Tuesday, including a cheaper iPhone 5C available in a variety of new colors and a higher-end 5S that includes a special fingerprint scanner for added security.
Flextronics CEO Mike McNamara said in a separate interview that the labor cost of manufacturing a phone in the United States, where workers are paid about $12 to $14 an hour, is about three times higher than in China, where a typical hourly wage is about $4.
But operating a facility in the U.S. offered other advantages, including the ability to get custom-built phones to consumers in the country in four days, and lower freight and logistics costs.
"You have to offset it with what's the time-to-market savings and what's the fact that you drive your truck down the street to drop it off. You got to add up all these things," he said.

Samsung Exynos 5 Octa chips refreshed with HMP to use all 8-cores at once

9/12/2013 10:44:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Samsung Exynos 5 Octa chips refreshed with HMP to use all 8-cores at once

Samsung has announced a new Heterogeneous Multi-Processing (HMP) solution for its recently unveiled Exynos 5 Octa chips.The latest move by the South Korean major is said to be the result of the criticism from competitors that claimed the Exynos 5 SoCs is not true octa-core as it could only use four cores at once. However, the company claims that with addition of the latest HMP solution for the Exynos 5 Octa chips can maximize the benefits of the ARM big.LITTLE technology.
As per Samsung, HMP solution is the powerful use model for ARM big.LITTLE technology, as it can use all physical cores at once. The software threads that come with high priority or high computational intensity can be performed by the Cortex-A15 cores while the threads with less priority can be allocated to the Cortex-A7 cores.
Commenting on the announcement, Taehoon Kim, vice president of System LSI marketing, Samsung Electronics said, "It's usually assumed that the big CPU will do all the performance-critical work, however, power-efficient little cores can handle many significant workloads all on their own, so the workload is balanced within the system."
Samsung expects the new Exynos 5 Octa chips with HMP solution will be available to users by Q4 2013. There is no word about which upcoming device will feature the new Exynos processor with HMP solution.
Earlier in July, the South Korean launched its new Exynos family, featuring the ARM Mali - T628 MP6 hexa-core GPU, offering 3D graphic processing that is two times more powerful than the previous generation of Exynos 5 Octa processors.
The Exynos 5420 processor is powered by four ARM Cortex-A15 cores clocked at 1.8GHz, with four additional Cortex-A7 cores clocked at 1.3GHz, in a big.LITTLE configuration.

Pandora names former Microsoft executive as new CEO

9/12/2013 10:36:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Pandora names former Microsoft executive as new CEO

The Internet radio company hires former advertising executive and Madrona Venture Group partner Brian McAndrews to take over for longtime CEO John Kennedy.

Pandora's new CEO, Brian McAndrews.

(Credit: Pandora)

Brian McAndrews, a partner at Madrona Venture Group, is Pandora's new CEO, the company announced Wednesday.
The change is effective immediately. McAndrews, who previously was a top marketing and advertising executive with Microsoft and aQuantive will succeed Joe Kennedy. Kennedy announced in March that he was quitting after nearly a decade at the helm of Pandora.

The choice reflects the importance of advertising for Pandora.
"We had very specific criteria for our new CEO, and we were very strategic about finding the right person -- Brian is that person," Tim Westergren, Pandora's founder and chief strategy officer, said in a press release. "No one better understands the intersection of technology and advertising, which he clearly demonstrated during aQuantive's meteoric rise."
McAndrews was CEO of digital marketing company aQuantive until 2007, when Microsoft bought the company for $6 billion. He then went on to serve as a senior vice president at Microsoft until 2008. But in 2012 Microsoft had to write off most of the money used to purchase aQuantive because it "did not accelerate growth to the degree anticipated."
Although Pandora dominates in music streaming, with about 72 million active users and more than 200 million registered users, it's under pressure to perform. The music streaming and discovery space is heating up, and competition comes in the form of Apple's much buzzed about iRadio, Google Music All Access, and even a music discovery tool from Twitter.

Facebook's proposed privacy policy changes face FTC review

9/12/2013 10:33:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Facebook's proposed privacy policy changes face FTC review

Agency asked to review whether social network's proposed changes violate a 2011 settlement agreement.

The US Federal Trade Commission said Wednesday that it will review Facebook's new proposed privacy policy to determine whether it violates a 2011 settlement agreement with the agency, according to The New York Times.
The inquiry comes after a handful of civil liberties groups complained to the agency earlier last week that the social network's new Statement of Rights and Responsibilities and Data Use policy actually gave them less privacy. The groups asked the FTC to block implementation of the new policy because they said it violates the terms of a 2011 privacy settlement that requires the social network to obtain "affirmative express consent" before it can expose users' private information.
The change in language was the result of a class action privacy lawsuit that Facebook settled last month in which it agreed to state more clearly on its Web site exactly how it uses people's data for advertising. Facebook's previous policy stated: "We do not share any of your information with advertisers (unless, of course, you give us permission)." The proposed policy seems to assert that by signing up for the service, users grant Facebook permission to "use your name, profile picture, and content" for ads.
An FTC spokesman told CNET that the agency continuously monitors Facebook compliance with the 2011 settlement.

"As in all cases, we're monitoring compliance with the order, and part of that involves interacting with Facebook," spokesman Peter Kaplan said in statement.
Echoing previous statements to CNET, Facebook defended the language change as clarifying its existing policy and denied that any new rights are included.
"We routinely discuss policy updates with the FTC, and this time is no different," Facebook spokesperson Jodi Seth said in a statement. "Importantly, our updated policies do not grant Facebook any additional rights to use consumer information in advertising. Rather, the new policies further clarify and explain our existing practices. We take these issues very seriously and are confident that our policies are fully compliant with our agreement with the FTC."
Facebook posted the proposed changes to its Web site on August 29 and said they would be implemented on September 5 after a week-long review period. But adoption of the policy was put on hold last week after a wave of overwhelmingly negative comments from users about the proposed changes.
On Wednesday, Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) sent a letter to the FTC (PDF) expressing concern over the proposed changes and asking the commission to determine whether the changes violate the terms of the 2011 settlement.

Yahoo's Mayer gives phone passcodes a pass

9/12/2013 10:32:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Yahoo's Mayer gives phone passcodes a pass

Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer confesses that she doesn't use a passcode to protect her smartphone, which goes to show you how hard it is to get people to take reasonable precautions. But it's also an improper risk for a major corporate leader.

No gasps were heard wafting up from the audience at Tech Crunch Disrupt as Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer admitted that she doesn't use a passcode to protect her smartphone, but there should have been.
"I don't have a passcode on my phone," she told Michael Arrington of TechCrunch during their on-stage interview on Wednesday in San Francisco.
Maybe that's not news to you, but I was surprised.
She implied that she was too busy to type in the passcode multiple times in a day, and that the new iPhone would be a good solution for her. "Building in some of these smart sensors into the phone is really exciting," she said, referring to the new iPhone 5S's new Touch ID fingerprint sensor.

Mayer is right, at least when it comes to Touch ID and basic security. The presence of the sensor is expected to lower the security barrier for iPhones by making it easier to unlock your phone and pay for apps. Very soon, as people are expected upgrade their iPhones to the 5S or jump on an iPhone for the first time in the droves that they have in the past, the Touch ID sensor could become the first mobile fingerprint reader in the hands of millions of people.
And by placing the sensor in the hands of millions in such a short time, it has the potential to tear down the wall for biometric sensors of all kinds in mobile devices in the near future as Apple's competitors follow suit.
But unless Mayer users her smartphone in an atypical manner -- meaning that she doesn't check e-mail on it, bank with it, or access the kind of sensitive personal information and accounts with it that most people do -- she's also copping to a major mistake.
Mobile security expert Jonathan Zdziarski said that it would take him only "five seconds" to "pair with it, load spyware, replace her banking apps with fake software to phish her passwords, sniff her packet data, redirect her APN (Access Point Name) to a proxy, and access all of her content wirelessly for as long as I like including her app data, contacts, SMS, photo reel, and location data, and without her knowledge."
"And all that without a jailbreak," he added.
Zdziarski wasn't the only expert who was shocked. Chris Wysopal, Veracode's chief technology officer and information security expert, said that Mayer's lack of use of even a four-digit pin number is a "very bad" policy.
"What if she loses it in a cab? All that Yahoo corporate e-mail and attachments would be exposed to anyone who finds it," Wysopal said. "A four-digit PIN is a reasonable compromise between security and convenience."
We don't have to look further than Mayer's own words as to why she refuses to use even a simple pin code to protect her phone or tablet comes from a place.
"I just can't do this passcode thing 15 times a day," Mayer told Arrington.

Yahoo's Mayer admits she doesn't use a phone passcode

At TechCrunch Disrupt in San Francisco, Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer explains why she doesn't like using a passcode on her smartphone and why she's a fan of fingerprint sensors.

(Credit: CNET)

Assuming that Mayer uses her phone to keep tabs on critical information as many people do, to answer e-mail, take photos of our families, open work documents, communicate with friends and colleagues, and check on our bank accounts, Mayer's attitude toward security is sadly arrogant.
It's a massive risk for any company that employs a senior executive who refuses to implement basic security protocol. Senior executives, who handle sensitive corporate information at a level to which few others in a given company have access, ought to be subject to at least the same security protocol as their employees 15 steps down the corporate ladder.

It's possible, of course, that Mayer is not using her phone as most of us do. Maybe she only checks her e-mail and opens attachments on her laptop, protected with a two-factor authentication USB key.
"Perhaps she feels the personal slowdown is more costly than it would be if someone stole her phone and got whatever data was on it," said Jeremiah Grossman, chief technical officer at WhiteHat Security. "So, that's the risk tradeoff. Given her role, I'm not sure she is wrong either."
The uneven relationship between security and convenience, often heavily tilted toward security, is one of the most common consumer complaints about how to keep your data and devices secure. The Touch ID could be the beginning of another sea change in the security world, as biometric sensors become the kind of common identity authentication mechanisms that society has hoped and feared will some day replace passwords.
"It doesn't really matter which answer is right," Zdziarski said. "I wouldn't want her in charge of my company's big data decisions."
Eventually, and it looks like much sooner rather than later, Mayer might be right. But for right now, I'll side with Zdziarski: if you're not protecting your phone with even a simple passcode, you're taking an unnecessary risk.

Asus Transformer Book T100 features Bay Trail CPU, coming October 18 for $349 (hands-on)

9/12/2013 10:30:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

Asus Transformer Book T100 features Bay Trail CPU, coming October 18 for $349 (hands-on)

The Asus Transformer Book T100 is a Windows 8.1 tablet/laptop hybrid that runs on Intel's "designed for tablets" Bay Trail architecture. The very familiar-looking -- if you've been paying attention to Asus for the last two to three years -- tablet (and included keyboard) is hitting US stores on October 18 starting at $349.
The tablet houses a quad-core Intel Atom Bay Trail-TZ3740 processor and a 10.1-inch IPS screen with a 1,366x768-pixel resolution. As for GPU, the T100 uses "Intel HD Graphics," but that doesn't really tell us much. The tablet performed briskly when swiping through Windows tiles, and apps seemed to open without much delay. Unfortunately I didn't have time to run any benchmarks during my brief time with it. The screen was unimpressive from a clarity standpoint, but not distractingly so.

More than a tablet: Opening Asus' Transformer Book T100 (pictures)

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The tablet boasts 2GB of RAM, a 1.2-megapixel front-facing camera, and no back camera. Ports on the tablet itself include Micro-HDMI, Micro-USB, a microSD card reader, and, of course, a headphone jack. Stereo speakers can be found on the back, and the keyboard includes a single USB 3.0 port.
The tablet and keyboard each tip the scales at 1.2 pounds, making for a full 2.4 pounds when they're locked together. And while it's not the sveltest full-size tablet out there, at a thickness of 0.41 inch, it's not exactly big either. Slightly pudgy would be the appropriate phrase, perhaps. I was a bit put off by the overly plasticy feel both in the tablet and especially the keyboard dock. Knocking on the bottom of the dock delivered a hollow, cheap sound sound that didn't necessarily scream "quality".
It bears a striking resemblance to the Transformer TF300 and looks to be based on that design, but thankfully Asus tossed the grooved toy-like feel of the Android tablet in favor of something more comfortable and a bit classier.

The whole assembly weighs about 2.5 pounds when locked together.

The keyboard is wider than Asus' docks on its Android tablets, but it still felt a bit cramped and not nearly as comfortable as Microsoft's Surface Type Cover. The large and easily accessible eject button -- to release the tablet from the dock -- was a welcome addition, however.
The T100 will be available for $349 with 32GB of storage and $399 for 64GB. Those prices include the keyboard dock. You can get your hands on the T100 starting October 18, the day of general Windows 8.1 availability.

Yes, it's a Transformer. That means instant tablet, whenever you want.

That $349 matches the current Surface RT in price, but Microsoft charges you an extra $80 for its touch cover keyboard. With keyboard dock in tow, the T100 seemingly drops the value gauntlet at the foot of Microsoft.
While the screen resolution and build quality do little to impress, the T100 is a fairly low barrier to entry for the Windows 8.1 curious. Check with CNET soon to get a better idea whether the T300 is worth the lower price or if you're better off paying more for something better.

The real reasons Apple's 64-bit A7 chip makes sense

9/12/2013 10:28:00 am TECHNOLOGY No comments

The real reasons Apple's 64-bit A7 chip makes sense

Don't swallow Apple's marketing lines that 64-bit chips magically run software faster than 32-bit relics. What the A7 in the iPhone 5S does do, though, is pave the way for Apple's long-term future.

Apple marketing chief Phil Schiller touts the advantages of the A7 processor used in the iPhone 5S.

(Credit: Josh Lowensohn/CNET)

Apple injected a lot of marketing hyperbole into its claims about the wonders of 64-bit computing when it showed off the A7 processor at the heart of the new iPhone 5S. But there are real long-term reasons that Apple is smart to move beyond the 32-bit era in mobile computing.
The iPhone maker did indeed beat its smartphone rivals to the 64-bit era with the A7, and the processor may indeed vault over its predecessor's performance. The hyperbole came when Apple marketing chief Phil Schiller, speaking at Apple's iPhone 5S and 5C launch event on Tuesday, linked those two accomplishments.

"Why go through all this?" Schiller asked, referring to the new chip and 64-bit versions of iOS 7 and Apple's iOS apps. "The benefits are huge. The A7 is up to twice as fast as the previous-generation system at CPU tasks," Schiller said, and up to twice as fast at graphics tasks, too.
There's a reason the computer industry is shifting to 64-bit computing; the main benefit is memory capacity that can exceed 4GB. But just as we saw with 64-bit personal computers arriving over the last decade, 64-bit designs don't automatically improve performance for most tasks. In fact, there can be drawbacks: it's likely that 64-bit versions of programs will be bulkier than their 32-bit equivalents.
But Apple is smart to lay the foundations for 64-bit mobile computing now, for three reasons. First, large memory capacity is an academic issue in the mobile market today, but it won't always be. Second, the 64-bit transition happens to come along with other chip changes that are useful immediately. And third, it gives Apple more flexibility to build ARM-based PCs if it chooses to embrace an alternative to Intel chips.
What is 64-bit computing?
A 64-bit chip can handle memory addresses described with 64-bit numbers rather than 32-bit ones, which means that a computer can accommodate more than 4GB of memory and that chips can do math with integers that are a lot bigger. The 64-bit transition doesn't have any effect on a lot of computing performance at all.
With servers, 64-bit chips are crucial, because those machines often need gobs of memory for running many tasks simultaneously and keeping as much of it as possible in fast-response RAM. With PCs, 64-bit chips are useful to avoid bumping up against 4GB memory limits, which is about where the mainstream market is today.
On mobile devices, though, the 4GB limit has yet to arrive. Even though having more RAM is really useful, it's got big drawbacks in the mobile market: it's expensive, it takes up room -- and most problematic -- it draws a lot of electrical power and therefore shortens battery life. The Samsung Galaxy Note 3, an Android phone, has an unusually large 3GB of RAM, but it's also got an unusually large size to handle a bigger-than-average 3,200mAh battery.
Better 64-bit math is helpful for tasks like scientific simulations, but it's not a big deal on mobile.
At Apple's event, Epic Games executives were gleeful about the A7 performance playing Infinity Blade 3, and there's no reason to doubt their statements that they could draw a dragon with four times the detail. But that performance improvement is likely to come more from the new graphics abilities in the A7 and from its support for the richer OpenGL ES 3.0 graphics-acceleration interface, not from its 64-bit design.

Schiller pointed to processor performance improvements in the iPhone 5S, which uses Apple's new A7 chip, but didn't detail which speed tests he was using.

Why bother with 64-bit mobile chips?
Even if 64-bit computing isn't some across-the-board speedup technology, there's a very good reason to adopt it: the future.
But here again, we have to splash a little cold water on Schiller's enthusiasm.
"The PC world went through the transition from 32-bit to 64-bit, and it took years," Schiller said. "Today you're going to see that Apple is going to move the mobile computing system forward from 32-bit to 64-bit in one day."
Sure, it only took a couple hours for Apple to announce the iPhone 5S and the A7 processor. But the full 64-bit transition will take years in mobile, just as it did in the PC market.
Indeed, the transition already has been going on for a couple years. In 2011, after four years of behind-closed-doors work, ARM Holdings announced its 64-bit ARMv8 instruction set for the chip designs it licenses to Apple, Qualcomm, Samsung, and many other makers of mobile chips. Apple's A7 uses the ARMv8 architecture.

Hands-on with Apple's high-end iPhone 5S (pictures)

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The hardware change is only the first part. After that comes software. Apple has retooled iOS 7 -- the kernel at the heart of the software, the libraries of prewritten code that it and other software draw upon, and the device drivers the kernel uses to talk to hardware like the network and touch screen -- so that it's 64-bit software. And it's got a version of its Xcode developer tools so that programmers can build 64-bit versions of their iOS products.
But it'll be years before the whole software ecosystem makes the move. Old software likely will never make the change, which is why it's good ARMv8 chips can run older 32-bit software seamlessly. And programmers will still need to build 32-bit versions of their software for older iPhones -- as well as brand-new 32-bit models like the iPhone 5C.
Given how long it takes to make the transition, it's important to lay the hardware foundation early enough that the software market can move gracefully. Even though adding more RAM is hard in mobile devices, it'll happen. It might well happen sooner on iPads, too, which can handle faster processors, bigger batteries, and more elaborate software. And it's possible that computing engineers will successfully commercialize some other form of memory that's not as power-hungry.
ARMv8 benefits
A nearer-term reason the Apple A7 might appeal to programmers has nothing to do with its 64-bit nature: the ARMv8 architecture itself brings some real advantages.
One of them is a larger number of registers -- tiny on-chip storage areas where the processor stores data for very fast access. ARMv8 roughly doubles general-purpose registers from 16 to 31, which means the chip needn't fritter away as many cycles swapping things into and out of memory.

The ARMv8 architecture used in the Apple A7 chip brings several improvements in addition to a 64-bit design, including more registers to store data, better double-precision math, and built-in cryptography features.

(Credit: ARM Holdings)

When AMD pioneered 64-bit computing on x86 -- a transition it pushed while Intel was distracted with its Itanium designs -- it got a big speed boost from increasing the number of registers. But 32-bit x86 chips were hobbled by having only four registers, while 32-bit ARM chips have a relatively abundant 16; that could mean the performance boost won't be as good with the ARM transition.
ARMv8 also has some other significant changes. It's got much better mathematical abilities, especially when performing the same operation on a lot of data. And it's got built-in encryption processing abilities, which should speed a lot of secure communications and cut battery usage.
New Apple options
Apple surprised the world when it moved its Mac line from PowerPC processors to Intel processors, and there have been rumblings it might move to or at least embrace ARM chips for Macs, too.
The A7 processor or its rumored higher-end A7X sibling might not have enough oomph for a full-fledged personal computer, but it was hard to miss Schiller boasting that the A7 has a "desktop-class architecture." And even if there's never any ARM-based Mac, it's still possible Apple could take iOS into something more laptop-like. The company, which made iWork free with new iOS devices and threw iPhoto and iMovie into the bargain, clearly likes the idea of customers creating content on iOS devices, not just consuming it.
If Apple chose to build ARM-based PCs, having more than 4GB of memory could be very useful. Thus, it would be a big asset to have a mature 64-bit ARM chip design with an accompanying operating system and app collection.
ARM-based Apple PCs would be a dramatic shift indeed. Intel is working furiously on lowering the power consumption of its x86 chips to compete better against ARM, and an ARM-based Apple PC would have serious difficulties running Mac software for x86-based machines.
We need not invent reasons for Schiller's 64-bit A7 enthusiasm besides that it makes a good marketing line, something that sounds like progress and that's easy to see missing from Android competition.
But even if it's mostly just an iPhone marketing line for now, Apple's change to 64-bit ARMv8 designs does make sense in the long run.

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Thursday, 12 September 2013